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Д«ode's formula predicted another planet would be found with an orbital radius near 2.8 astronomical units (AU), or 420В millionВ km, from the Sun. From here we come to the distance of Jupiter by 4 + 48 = 52 parts, and finally to that of Saturn by 4 + 96 = 100 parts. Can one believe that the Founder of the universe had left this space empty? Certainly not. After Mars there follows a space of 4 + 24 = 28 parts, in which no planet has yet been seen. Now comes a gap in this so orderly progression. Let the distance from the Sun to Saturn be taken as 100, then Mercury is separated by 4 such parts from the Sun. This latter point seems in particular to follow from the astonishing relation which the known six planets observe in their distances from the Sun. He wrote the following explanation for the existence of a 'missing planet': Except for an unexplained gap between Mars and Jupiter, Bode's formula seemed to predict the orbits of the known planets. In 1772, German astronomer Johann Elert Bode, citing Johann Daniel Titius, published a numerical procession known as the TitiusвЂ“Bode law (now discredited). As of AprilВ 2022, the Minor Planet Center had data on 1,199,224 minor planets in the inner and outer Solar System, of which about 614,690 had enough information to be given numbered designations. Rarely, small asteroids passing close to Earth may be visible to the naked eye for a short time. When favorably positioned, 4 Vesta can be seen in dark skies. Only one asteroid, 4 Vesta, which has a relatively reflective surface, is normally visible to the naked eye.

7.1.1 Quasi-satellites and horseshoe objectsДЇirst asteroid image ( Ceres and Vesta) from MarsВ вЂ“ viewed by Curiosity (20В April 2014).

Different asteroid deflection strategies have been proposed Double Asteroid Redirection Test was launched in 2021 and is currently underway to Dimorphos, where it will attempt to alter the asteroid's orbit by crashing into it in September 2022. Near-Earth asteroids can threaten all life on the planet an asteroid impact event resulted in the CretaceousвЂ“Paleogene extinction. Psyche, to be launched in 2023 or 2024, will study a metallic asteroid of the same name. Lucy, launched in 2021, has an itinerary including eight different asteroids, one from the main belt and seven Jupiter trojans. OSIRIS-REx studied Bennu, collecting a sample in 2020 to be delivered back to Earth in 2023. JAXA's missions Hayabusa and Hayabusa2 studied and returned samples of Itokawa and Ryugu, respectively. NASA's NEAR Shoemaker studied Eros, and Dawn observed Vesta and Ceres. Several dedicated missions to asteroids were subsequently launched by NASA and JAXA, with plans for other missions in progress. ДЄsteroids have been historically observed from Earth Galileo spacecraft provided the first close observation of an asteroid.

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The majority of main belt asteroids follow slightly elliptical, stable orbits, revolving in the same direction as the Earth and taking from three to six years to complete a full circuit of the Sun. The total mass of all the asteroids combined is less than that of Earth's Moon. The sizes of asteroids varies greatly the largest, Ceres, is almost 1,000В km (600В mi) across and qualifies as a dwarf planet. These were named after and are generally identified with carbonaceous, metallic, and silicaceous compositions, respectively. Asteroids are generally classified to be of three types: C-type, M-type, and S-type.

Of the roughly one million known asteroids the greatest number of them are located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, approximately 2 to 4 AU from the Sun, in the main asteroid belt. Sizes and shapes of asteroids vary significantly, ranging from 1-meter rocks to dwarf planets almost 1000 km in diameter they are metallic or rocky bodies with no atmosphere. Images of visited asteroids illustrating their difference: 243 Ida with its moon Dactyl (the 1-2 km sized dot to the right), 433 Eros the first asteroid orbited and landed on (2001) and Ceres a considerably larger asteroid and dwarf planet 1,000 km in size.ДЄn asteroid is a minor planet of the inner Solar System.